Commonly, carbonate minerals are present and neutralize (buffer) the acid, leading to neutral or even alkaline mine water, which might still be harmful to surface and ground waters in a catchment area. Because metal or coal deposits are so diverse, the metals and the composition of mine water are unique at every mine site. If even relatively small amounts of disulphides, as pyrite or marcasite, oxidise and dissolve, the acidity formed can dissolve other water contaminants.
Most of the processes involved are controlled by the E H-pH conditions at the water-mineral contact. During contact with those minerals, the water may dissolve components of the ore and rock-forming minerals. Problems with mine drainage generally develop when ground and surface waters enter mine sites and come in contact with primary and secondary minerals under oxic conditions. At the end of the book thirteen well investigated case studies of flooded underground mine and mine water tracer tests are described and interpreted from a hydrodynamic point of view. Then the book presents some new methodologies for conducting tracer tests in flooded mines and gives some hints to passive mine water treatment. As all investigations are based on precise data, the book gives some key issues of monitoring and sampling, especially flow monitoring. Based on in-situ measurements the hydrodynamic processes in a flooded mine are described and some of the mine closure flow models exemplified.
After an introduction to the relevant hydrogeochemical processes the book gives detailed information about mine closure procedures. This book addresses the processes related to mine abandonment from a hydrogeological perspective. As the water in the open space rises, the water might become contaminated with different pollutants and eventually start to flow in the open voids. Switching off the pumps of a mine is one of the last steps in the lifetime of a surface or underground mine.
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